Everything is a matter of process, of activity, of change ( panta rhei)." Īn early expression of this viewpoint is in Heraclitus's fragments. Process is fundamental: the river is not an object, but a continuing flow the sun is not a thing, but an enduring fire. The fundamental "stuff" of the world is not material substance, but volatile flux, namely "fire", and all things are versions thereof ( puros tropai). ".reality is not a constellation of things at all, but one of processes. The following is an interpretation of Heraclitus's concepts into modern terms by Nicholas Rescher. "All things are an interchange for fire, and fire for all things, just like goods for gold and gold for goods." Heraclitus considered fire as the most fundamental element. ![]() you cannot step twice into the same stream" ![]() "Everything changes and nothing remains still . Panta chōrei kai ouden menei kai dis es ton auton potamon ouk an embaies "All entities move and nothing remains still" The quotation from Heraclitus appears in Plato's Cratylus twice in 401d as: Heraclitus proclaimed that the basic nature of all things is change. However, other sources state that process philosophy should be placed somewhere in the middle between the poles of analytic versus continental methods in contemporary philosophy. Process philosophy is sometimes classified as closer to continental philosophy than analytic philosophy, because it is usually only taught in continental philosophy departments. ![]() Process philosophy covers not just scientific intuitions and experiences, but can be used as a conceptual bridge to facilitate discussions among religion, philosophy, and science. In physics, Ilya Prigogine distinguishes between the "physics of being" and the "physics of becoming". If Socrates changes, becoming sick, Socrates is still the same (the substance of Socrates being the same), and change (his sickness) only glides over his substance: change is accidental, and devoid of primary reality, whereas the substance is essential. Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, classical ontology has posited ordinary world reality as constituted of enduring substances, to which transient processes are ontologically subordinate, if they are not denied. In opposition to the classical view of change as illusory (as argued by Parmenides) or accidental (as argued by Aristotle), process philosophy posits transient occasions of change or becoming as the only fundamental things of the ordinary everyday real world. Process philosophy, also ontology of becoming, or processism, is an approach in philosophy that identifies processes, changes, or shifting relationships as the only real experience of everyday living.
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